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雅思听力中关键词的后置现象及应对策略


来源:郑州朗阁雅思托福培训学校时间:2022/4/30 18:39:16

雅思听力考试中的难点关键词后置,是听力中除开同意转换和干扰项以外的另一大难点,并且在近考试中频繁出现。如何才能慧眼识破出题者所设计的关键词后置的诡计呢?

具体来讲,主要体现为以下几个方面:句式间的转变、代词所指代的含义、介词短语在句子中的位置的变动及定语后置。

一、句式间的转变

句式间的转变,顾名思义,指的是题目中看到的句式与音频中听到的句式发生了转变,句子结构的改变导致关键词在句子中的位置发生了变动,主要包括陈述句与疑问句的转变、被动句与主动句的转变。

题目:

The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by local craftsmen who lived in the area. (C4T1S2 Q12)

原文:

At that time, local craftsmen first built an iron forge just behind the village here, on the bend in the river.

解析:通过对比题目与原文我们不难发现,出题者通过被动句与主动句的转变,巧妙地将原本出现在空格前面的关键词metal industry的同义词iron forge及established的同义词built放置在了答案local craftsmen的后面,再加上不熟悉的同义转化,大大地提升了难度。

题目:

Undiscovered materials may be damaged by fires. (C7T1S4 Q38)

原文:

And certainly don't make fires, however romantic it may seem. It's really dangerous in dry areas. And you can easily burn undiscovered priceless materials by doing so.

解析:同上述例子类似,题目中的被动句在音频中被换成了主动句,导致关键词后置。

应对策略:加强对题目中的被动句的熟悉度,分析空格所填的词性及大致内容,听题时加强对主动句的敏感度和理解力。

题目:

The presentation will not be assessed. (C7T4S3 Q22)

原文:

-Is this one going to be assessed?

-No, not this time round.

解析:通过对比题目与原文我们不难发现,出题者通过陈述句与疑问句的转变,同样巧妙地将关键词not放置在答案的后面。

应对策略:这类题一般出现在对话场景较多,注意把握对话中提问者与回答者的说话节奏,同时注意语气的变化、转折词、强调词及否定词。

二、代词所指代的含义

代词所指代的含义导致关键词后置指的是当听到关键词时,关键词所在的名词主语被换成了代词,导致无法回忆前面所讲的内容。主要包括人称代词、指示代词、关系代词。其中,常见的人称代词有you, we, us, they, he, him, she, her, them等。常见的指示代词有this, that, these, those等。常见的关系代词有which, that, whose, where, when等。

题目:

A problem with Asian Honey Bees is that they _________ (C8T2S3 Q22)

A. attack native bees.

B. carry parasites.

C. damage crops.

原文:

-What's wrong with Asian Honey Bees? Are they so different from Australian bees?

-Well, in fact, they look almost the same, but they are infested with mites- microscopic creatures which live on them, and which can seriously damage our own home-grown bees or could even wipe them out.

解析:当听到题目中的关键词problem的同义词wrong后,如果没有听懂but they are infested with mites, 则会把重点放在下一句话which can seriously damage our own home-grown bees, 由于没有听到或不理解关系代词which所指代的含义,从而掉入陷阱选项A中。

应对策略:加强对音频中的人称代词的敏感度,理解人称代词所指代的含义。

题目:

Ask your tutor to arrange a password with the technical support team. (C6T1S3 Q25)

原文:

Your tutor will need to arrange with the technical support team for you to get a password, so ask him or her about it when you start the course.

解析:当听到空格后面的关键词password, technical support team后,考生会努力回忆之前所讲的内容,可能无法回忆,然后又听到了另一关键词ask, 可惜ask后面没有说your tutor, 而是用了人称代词的宾格him or her, 从而导致更加无法回忆之前所讲的内容。

应对策略:多做长句子的复述练习,培养瞬间记忆力和理解力。

三、介词短语在句子中的位置的变动

题目:

Wise men may have been trying to control wild animals with magic. (C7T1S4 Q35)

原文:

They believed they could use magic to control the animals they had drawn.

解析:在题目中充当状语成分的介词短语with___被音频中充当宾语从句的they could use___所替换,导致关键词animals后置。

应对策略:注意介词短语在句子中的位置及所充当的成分,加强对介词短语在音频中对应的同义结构及位置的熟悉。

四、定语后置

题目:

Excellent _______. (C5T3S3 Q30)

原文:

I thought student support was excellent.

解析:题目中位于空格前面的定语excellent, 在音频中却出现在空格的后面,可能会导致无法回忆答案的情况。

应对策略:提升对题目的预判能力,加强对定语或其同义词的敏感度。


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